PALEOZOIC LIFE AND EXTINCTIONS

 __________________ and _____________ on land
Marine record

INVERTEBRATES
Earliest skeletal parts and teeth

Tommotian fauna          oldest _____________________ organisms
 (Siberia)                       _______________________=> predators

What advantages does a skeleton provide?
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Cambrian Seas

• _____________________ (Cambrian diversification, index fossils, severe extinction @ end of  Cambrian, Ord. recovery). Sponges, jelly fish, echinoderms, brachiopods
•  Anomalocarids: their significance in the Cambrian seas: ____________________________________

 

 
 
 

_________________________________________

The __________________________ Shale (Middle Cambrian )

     Reef builders:

•      ____________________ ( Cambrian)
•       bryozoans (middle Ord.)
•       ______________________corals, _____________________ sponges
•       aragonite depositing algae and sponges

     Brachiopods  diversification in Mid. Pz
     _______________________ Late Paleozoic

     Stalked crinoids

     Graptolites
 

• Predators
• _________________ ____________________________ => Ammonoids (Mid. Pz)
• Euripterids
• Arthropods to land  => scorpions (Sil)

• non folding wings
• more advanced with ___________________, ____________, ___________________ (Carboniferous)
• Diverse then as they are today

EVOLUTION OF VERTEBRATES
 

•   Conodonts
•   Pikaia (_______________________) in the Burgess Shale
•   Fish
•     ______________________ (Jawless fish) Ea. Pz - Dev
•     ______________________(Jawed fish) Mid Pz - Late Pz

 
•      Placoderms: _______________ _______________, power jaws
•   ___________ finned fish
•   __________  finned fish => lung fishes significance? _________________________________
•    Primitive sharks (Cladoselache)
•   Ichthyostega: significance?

  Amphibians (to the land = Ea. Cb)

  Reptiles ( Pennsylvanian)

• ___________________ ____________
• ectothermic

 Pelycosaurs: significance?
         => therapsids => Late Permian adaptative radiation

PLANTS AND OTHER PLANT LIKE PROTISTS

  Stromatolites reduced: Why? ________________________
  Multicellular plants on land (_____________________) possible in the Ea. Pz

  Terrestrial plants         => __________________
                                      => __________________
 

• Non vascular plants (Sil)
• Vascular plants (Dev)
•  2 conduits     = ___________________ _____________ _______________
•                       = food go down
•  Rhynia & Baragwanatia (Primitive)
•  reproduce by ______________ => need water

  Seedless vascular plants:     in ________________, spores.
                                                 Lycopods (Lycopsids)
   Late Dev:    first large trees =     Archeopteris
                                                       Lepidodendron
                                                        Sigillaria
     First forests
                        _______________________: fossil Calamites (Equisetum: horse tail, today)

  Late Dev:      Flowerless, seed bearing plants.
                        Evolutionary significance?
                             __________________: seed fern, Cb/Perm of Gondwana

    Permian: Gymnosperms = _________________ tree.

The Carboniferous swamps were predominantly composed by seedless vascular plants
 

EXTINCTIONS

During or at the end      Ordovician
                                     Devonian
                                     Permian (the Largest of all Extinctions)
 
 

ORDOVICIAN
  Related to ___________________ onset and end.
  Organisms affected: many brachiopods, _________________, bryozoans, corals
     _______________, graptolites, _________________

DEVONIAN
  Related to _________________ _________________ (cooling and weathering)
  Organisms affected:  tabulate -strome reefs & other tropical species,  ____________________ fish.

PERMIAN
Decimated      80 -90 % of marine life
                       70 % of reptilian life (many therapsids)

  Related to

•   _____________ climates
•   ______________
•  __________________  of the sea level
•   late Perm. volcanism in Siberia
•   Consolidation of ________________ (glaciation in Gondwana ends)

•    ______________  brachiopods
•    _______________ (Paleozoiz guide fossils, specially for the Cambrian)
•    fusulinid foraminifera
•    rugose and tabulate corals
•    archaic________________ and ________________

 Decline of _______________ _______________ plants and seed ferns.
 Replaced by gymnosperms (adapted to _________, drier climates)

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